is lymphoma curable | Different forms of lymphoma

Different forms of lymphoma

Forms
1. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas
2. Different forms of non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Different forms of non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Diffuse lymphoma with large B cells
Large-cell B diffuse lymphoma is the most common of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (30 to 40% of cases). This is an aggressive form that could occur at any age, but touches frocks adults between 55 and 60 years old. This type of lymphoma could develop in the lymph nodes, but also in extra-ganglion areas, such as the digestive tract, skin, bones... It is curable by immuno-chemotherapy.

Follicular lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma is also a frequent form: it represents 20 to 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It is manifested by swelling of several lymph nodes and sometimes of the spleen. It is characterized by a proliferation of lymphoid follicles, most often in the lymph nodes. This proliferation is caused by a strong multiplication of B lymphocytes.

Other rare forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
There are a total of more than 30 forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, some of which are very rare. Burkitt lymphoma and malt lymphoma are very peculiar forms of the disease.

Burkitt's lymphoma
Burkitt's lymphoma is a very fast changing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, often manifested by lymph nodes in the neck. He is very present in Africa, where he touches the main young children. Often associated with infectious mononucleosis virus (Epstein-Barr virus or EBV), it Mahmoud be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.

Malt lymphoma
Malt lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that invades the mucous membranes and sometimes caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. When it develops in the stomach mucosa (gastric malt lymphoma), an antibiotic treatment to eradicate Helicobacter pylori could sometimes be enough to cure it.

Symptoms
What are the symptoms of lymphoma?
swollen lymph nodes: one of the first signs
In about two tiers of cases, lymphoma is manifested by swelling of a lymph node, palpable in the neck, armpit or groin. It could also manifest itself by an increase in the volume of the spleen, organ considered a "large" ganglion. Usually these swellings are painless. Any swelling of the lymph nodes is obviously not due to lymphoma. It is most often related to an infection. But if ganglionic swelling persists beyond a month, it is advisable to consult a specialist.

Manifestations within the lymphoid tissue
In one-third of patients, lymphoma does not appear in a ganglion but in another part of the lymphatic system. It could develop in lymphoid tissues of the stomach, lungs, Thyroidinum or skin, for example. Lymphoma could then also be well manifested by a mass in the stomach, a respiratory problem or an eczema. But once again, all of these symptoms usually have another less severe cause.

Other lymphoma Symptoms
The lymphoma could also cause general symptoms:

Episodes of Fever,
Significant weight loss,
Strong fatigue for no apparent reason,
Very abundant nocturnal transpirations (requiring a pajama changer).
It also happens that lymphoma is not manifested by any of these symptoms and is accidentally discovered, for example during a blood test.

Diagnosis
Comment Diagnosing lymphoma?
Blood
A blood sample is often the first step in the case of swollen lymph nodes or other unexplained symptoms. It does not Përmet to only diagnose lymphoma but gives indications of a possible infectious cause (e.g. mononucleosis), responsible for the lymph node swelling. If the biopsy of a lymph node confirms the presence of lymphoma, more in-depth blood tests will be requested.

Biopsy of lymph node or lymphoid tissue

If lymphoma is suspected, microscopic analysis of the cells should always be performed. A piece of the lymph node or suspected lymphoid tissue is taken for analysis (biopsy). Antigenic and genetic tests complete the biopsy. They confirm that the cell is well cancerous and identify the cells – B or T lymphocytes – that cause the disease.

Bone marrow biopsy

If lymphoma is diagnosed, further examinations, such as bone marrow biopsy, are performed to better identify the extent of the disease (possible invasion of the bone marrow by cancer cells). After a local anesthesia, the doctor takes a little bone marrow into the pelvic bone, pelvic bone with a special hollow needle. The bone marrow is then examined microscopically and analyzed by more thorough tests.

CT-Scanner

Computed tomography or CT-scanner (tomography) allows to obtain detailed images of the organs. In Lymphomas, the CT-scan is primarily used to explore the thoracic cavity and abdomen. It allows to examine most of the deep and peripheral ganglia, but also the state of different organs, like the liver.

PET-CT

Today, the CT is often combined with an examination that evaluates tissue activity, PET (positron emission tomography). The PET-CT thus allows to obtain both morphological and functional images of the tissues. It has become an indispensable tool in evaluating the extension of lymphomas.

Treatment

1. Treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma

2. Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

3. Stem cell transplant: how and in which case?

Treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma

Chemotherapy

In Hodgkin lymphomas, chemotherapy alone gives very good results today. If hair loss and fatigue are still part of the side effects, nausea and vomiting become increasingly rare. There are indeed today very effective treatments against this type of symptoms. In addition, at present, many chemotherapy regimens no longer cause sterility

Collection and freezing of semen or ovaries

Whenever this is necessary, a cryopreservation (collection and freezing) of sperm in the young man and, as far as possible, a cryopreservation of the ovaries in a woman of child-conceiving age, will nevertheless be undertaken. Radiation therapy may also be necessary. Because of its long-term side effects, doctors only use it in some cases.