Causes of follicular lymphoma
The lymphatic system consists of a network of lymph and lymph container ganglia across the fuselage. As the lymphatic fluid crosses the lymph tissue substances, harmful or unnecessary such as pathogens, cells or damaged cancer cells are filtered out.
The lymphatic fluid is rich in white blood cells or lymphocytes that are responsible for combating infection and disease. Lymphocytes come from the bone marrow with other blood cells and are divided into two main types-B cells and T cells.
B cells develop in the bone marrow and the T cells ripen in a small gland called the thymus that is behind the bone or breast sternum. Lymphoma is a type of cancer involving the excessive proliferation of B cells or T cells. Lymphomas are grouped into two main types-Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-and follicular lymphoma is an example of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
There are many types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that are classified according to certain characteristics such as the type of cell involved. Follicular lymphoma is a B cell cancer and consists of around one third of all lymphomas. The disease usually occurs in adults above the age of 60 and is more common among women than among men.
The causes of follicular lymphoma are not good understood. It is known that genetic alterations that lead to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are usually acquired rather than inherited and that has acquired modifications are often related to factors such as exposure to toxic substances, infection or Radiotherapy. Lymphomas also seem to usually occur as people age and are mainly found in older people.
The type of mutation that occurs in follicular lymphoma is a translocation mutation, which is a mutation that occurs when the DNA of one chromosome breaks away and fixed to another chromosome. When this happens, carcinogenic genes called oncogenes can be activated and tumor suppressor genes can be neutralized.
In the case of follicular lymphoma, the translocation that occurs is between chromosomes 14 and 18. This activates the BCL-2 gene, which codes for a protein that avoids programmed cell death or apoptosis. Normally, when the cellular DNA is mutated, the mechanisms ensure that the damage or is repaired or the cell undergoes apoptosis. The expression of the BCL-2 protein However, avoids this apoptosis and the cancer cell continues to divide and multiply uncontrollably, causing cancer.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar